NHS Public Relations and Customer Care Policy

NHS Public Relations and Customer Care Policy Introduction Public relations are an indirect form of sales motivation ‘a psychology – coated advertising pill’. According to the Institute of Public Relations[1], public relations are defined as: the deliberate planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organisation and its public. Presently in the UK (United Kingdom) most health care providers are managed by the NHS (National Health Service) – the largest public service organisation in Europe. Therefore the direction this report will take is as follows: (1) to investigate the key principles of public relations and customer care; (2) to analyse how a public service organisation deals with public relations – in particular how the NHS deals with public relations; and (3) to examine the customer care policy of the NHS. The key principles of public relations and customer care According to Hall (1971)[2], public relations are based on the following key principles: The company and customers or prospective customers – the primary objective being to create a good public image and the secondary objectives being: (1) Selling the company, by securing and maintaining public goodwill; (2) Unobtrusively advertising the product or service sold; (3) Increasing sales and profits, and paying higher dividends to the shareholders. 2. The company and shareholders or prospective shareholders – It is also important  that the company should maintain good relations with its shareholders and with  the investing public at large, for the following reasons: (1) The shareholders as owners of the company, are entitled to information  concerning its activities. (2) It is essential to keep the shareholders contented, as they are a  prospective source of capital if the company wishes to develop at some future  date. (3) The investing public at large is more likely to invest in a company with  which it has good relations. 3. The company and its employees – personnel relations and public relations are  complementary. A company’s treatment of its employees is an important factor in  enhancing or dimming its public image. Therefore it is useless to spend money on  an elaborate public relations department and then ignore the basic principles of  good personnel relations. Arens (1999)[3] agrees but argues that there are four other principles: 4. Communities – courtesy and friendly support towards the organisations immediate  neighbours strengthens the ties between the organisation and its neighbours. 5. Media – press packets, briefings, and facilitating access to organisation  news makers build trust and goodwill. 6. Government – a desire for favourable legislation and subsidies are good reasons  why organisations should earn and maintain the goodwill and trust of the  government. The systems and procedures involved in dealing with public relations The size of an organisation and the type of business it is often determines the methods of public relations to be used e.g. Large companies are more inclined to have their own public relations department – which contrasts with small companies which would most likely outsource public relations consultants. If an organisation desires external public relations can be achieved through anyone of the following methods: Press relations, comprising press releases and notices relating to the companys activities. Exhibitions and trade fairs Television and radio are used for public relations as well as for advertising. Direct consumer contacts – this is a personal approach to improving public relations and is all about implementing goodwill to others in an attempt at public relations success. Literature produced in various printed forms ranging from journals to an organisation history. Eye-catching functions used to gain public notice, e.g. The sponsorship of sports events such as the annual walk against breast cancer. Open days – the public (inclusive of employees families) is invited to visit the organisations premises – this helps promote personnel relations. The National Health Service The National Health Service of the UK is divided into two divisions; England and Wales, and Northern Ireland. The National Health Service has outlined for the both regions all the personnel who will fall under its umbrella as follows: England and Wales[4] A Patients Forum established under section 15 of the National Health Service Reform and Health Care Professions Act 2002. Any person providing primary medical services or primary dental services In accordance with arrangements made under section 28C of the National Health Service Act 1977; or Under a contract under section 28K or 28Q of that Act; in respect of information relating to the provision of those services. Any person providing general medical services, general dental services, general ophthalmic services or pharmaceutical services under Part II of the National Health Service Act 1977, in respect of information relating to the provision of those services. Any person providing personal medical services or personal dental services under arrangements made under section 28C of the National Health Service Act 1977, in respect of information relating to the provision of those services. Any person providing local pharmaceutical services under A pilot scheme established under section 28 of the Health and Social Care Act 2001; or An LPS scheme established under Schedule 8A to the National Health Service Act 1977 (c 49), in respect of information relating to the provision of those services. Northern Ireland Any person providing primary medical services, general dental services, general ophthalmic services or pharmaceutical services under Part VI of the Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1972, in respect of information relating to the provision of those services. Customer Care Policy Davis (2003 p. 47)[5] says that patients are consumers of medical services and deserve customer care. He believes that customer care is critical especially for professionals such as surgeons and dentists; and that customer care creates opportunities for the customers to be informed and form judgements. According to Davis, customers pay for what they receive and as he explains, patients do have family and friends who from a critical public that directly affect the organisations reputation. Therefore if patients receive ill treatment the organisation is likely to have a bad reputation which would most likely lead to a loss of clientà ¨le to competition. Good customer care is also essential when dealing with patients, as this can affect the direction which a grant might take. In particular the NHS has a rating system which encourages feedback – which it then uses to improve its quality of customer service. Systems and Procedures in relation to communication with the media Media specialists are aware of the requirements, preferences, limitations, and strengths of the various media used to serve the client. They find the right media for clients messages (Baran, 2002)[6]. In public relations the accounting, legal and medical professions have had little success in policing their own members. Therefore one should ask what should be done to prevent misleading and dishonest communications from going to the public? The International Association of Businesses Communicators have laid down a code of practice which states that Members of IABC will engage in truthful, accurate and fair communication that facilitates respect and mutual understanding ¡K Accoding to Horton (2002)[7], the fact is that what a CEO wants, a CEO gets. Sometimes a board of directors has the power to stop a CEO from making false statements or misleading customers, investors, regulators and others. But, whistle blowers do not fare well, and it takes a great deal of evidence for a whistle b lower to prove that a corporation has engaged in unethical action or misleading communication. Further, even though one is personally ethical, executives can sanction and encourage unethical activity. This puts a strain on one to go along or get out. Unfortunately, it is usually easier to go along, and there are rewards for doing so. There are many ways that a CEO can corrupt a company, but one of the most insidious is the goals that the CEO sets. Horton explains that defending an unpopular person, organization or issue in the media is a tough PR challenge. He expounds that unlike a court of law where rules of argumentation and fact apply, PR practitioners face uncontrolled media, citizen rumours, political opinion, falsehoods and conclusions based on partial fact. Public relations in such times can be thankless and a losing effort. Yet, as he puts it, successful defence can be a career high point. Practitioners learn what they are made of and how well they have mastered communications. Horton has laid down some rules for dealing with the media as follows: The first rule of defending the indefensible is to start with and stick to facts as much as possible. Unfortunately, in many, if not most situations, facts are missing or incomplete. Facts put to rest speculation and opinion, and they stop a natural tendency to assume there is more behind an issue or event than meets the eye. This means PR practitioners should be trained in gathering and checking facts quickly then getting them out fast to interested parties. However, facts can tell an ugly story, a story that an individual and/or organization do not want to have told. In addition, facts may tell stories that must not be narrated because of personal, political or other confidentiality. PR practitioners often know more than can be said to journalists, and journalists are dedicated to finding out what practitioners cannot say. Silence PR practitioners are taught that silence is harmful. During a crisis, they are told that individuals or organizations must do something with media calls, skittish investors, unhappy suppliers, fearful employees and grandstanding regulators. But silence is not always harmful. There are times when silence is best even though others talk about you, especially when defending unpopular individuals, organizations or issues. An old clichà © attributed to British royalty is, â€Å"Never complain, never explain.† This stiff-upper-lip approach covered up many activities that royalty did not want to expose to public scrutiny. It worked for decades until U.K. media in search of circulation boosts broke a compact of silence about the doings of the palace. Nonetheless, silence helps when: Pressure to speak is not intense If the public, regulators, media and others are not pushing to get answers, it might work well not to volunteer them. When the issue might be a passing one – If an issue arises that is a one-day headline, â€Å"no comment† might suffice. When there is nothing one can say. The only justifiable expression may be confession and remorse. When speaking makes the situation worse. Speed It is a basic PR rule to get out factual information as quickly as possible. Delay is a mistake that happens too frequently because of internal battles, concerns for liability and dictates of privacy. Some speed techniques are: Say â€Å"No comment,† and follow orders. Deliver some kind of statement, even if inadequate â€Å"I have been instructed to tell you†¦. That is all that I can say at this time.† Let another take over. Fight hard – Collect the emerging media stories and go to the CEO to make a forceful case for what is happening to the firm’s reputation by failing to disclose the facts speedily. Resign – This is an extreme option unless a company or CEO is so far in the wrong that a practitioner can be considered complicit by acting as a spokesperson. Damage Control When compelling facts are not readily available, practitioners must use damage control to defend the indefensible individual or organization. Refutation – Paint a story as false. One attacks the teller of the story (â€Å"Consider the source.†) and the story itself as meaningless, incredible, impossible or illogical. Confirmation – Praise the person and story that favour your side. (â€Å"X is an honourable man. He would never lie.†) Note that a story is possible, probably, logical and fitting. (â€Å"From our careful reconstruction, this is the way that events unfolded.†) Of course, even though X is an honourable man, he might sometimes lie and careful reconstructions of stories might be logical and wrong. Vituperation – This has a more modern name – â€Å"character assassination.† It’s an all-out effort to discredit someone making allegations by going after the person’s heritage, education, background, lifestyle or whatever it takes to take away the individual’s credibility in the eyes of target audiences. Appeal to character – This is an effort to build the image of an individual and cast doubt on allegations against that person. Appeals to character use all of the techniques of vituperation but puts a positive spin on them. Diversion – Create a secondary issue that obscures the first issue. A popular movie came out a few years ago that illustrated how to do this by creating a phony war. The film, Wag the Dog, was a cynical portrayal of how Washington political communications work. Comments and Conclusion Defence of an unpopular individual, organization or point of view is probably no more successful than defending an accused in a courtroom. However, because the media and society do not follow strict rules of argumentation or precedent, the chances of a story â€Å"getting away† from the practitioner are greater. (Caywood, 1997)[8] When companies and individuals have been destroyed by negative publicity, only to be vindicated later, they can never recover what they have lost. There is little recourse in the law for such outcomes. One can sue for libel, but if the facts of a case were accurate to the time they were presented, there was no libel. One is a victim of circumstances. The PR practitioner’s job, insofar as the practitioner is able, is to balance perception enough to take pressure off an individual or organization or, if possible, to refute allegations. There is no chance of success unless one tries. It is imperative that public relations departments and personnel remember that they are the main point of contact for radio and television stations, newspapers, and magazines. Footnotes [1] Institute of Public Relations, Guide to the practice of public relations [2] Hall L., (1971, p. 288) Business Administration, 3rd Edition, MacDonald and Evans Ltd. [3] Arens W.F., (1999) Contemporary advertising, Irwin McGraw-Hill [4]National Health Service http://www.foi.gov.uk/coverage.htm#part3http://www.foi.gov.uk/coverage.htm#part3 [Online Source: 15/05/06] [5] Davis A., (2003) Everything You Should Know About Public Relations, Page Kogan [6] Baran S.J., (2002) Introduction to Mass Communication; Maedia, Literacy, and Culture, McGraw Hill [7] Horton J.L., () The ethics question http://www.online-pr.com/Holding/TheEthicsQuandaryARTICLE.pdf [Online Source: 15/05/06] [8] Caywood C.L., (1997) The Handbook of Strategic Public Relations and Integrated Communications, McGraw Hill

Egg Baby Reflection Paper Essay

Throughout this whole experience with my baby egg Kendall, had really taught me how to become far more responsible. My experience with my egg baby was so much fun, but I soon learned that it wouldn’t be easy caring for a baby all day long every day. Having to look after a child 24/7 is not an easy task to accomplish, especially when you had other priories before the egg came along. I admit this whole process wasn’t fun at times. For example; all the times when I either went out to eat or to go shopping, I not only had to get food for myself but for one more person! It might sound silly, but you really have to remember that it’s not just you and your husband any more. You have a baby! During the process, I had to find a way to work around my job and take care of Kendall, so I had to take off a good month and a half to provide good care for my child. This experience assured me even more that I am not near ready for children at my age. I also thought that it a lot g ot harder as the week went on with having to carry it everywhere I went, and to get in and out of my locker, as well as bringing it to class everyday while all the same time not dropping it! The whole two weeks was quite the experience for me. I managed to never drop, or crack my egg baby through it all. Which wasn’t an easy task to do, considering you literally had the egg every class you went to. Not to mention when you couldn’t make time for your baby you had to find a babysitter that you depend on for a good 3 hours. When going to and from school I decided to buckle up Kendall in the front seat so she was very secure and had no change of getting smashed by my book bag or anything else. Through it all I found that the more effort I put into this project, the more I would get out of it in the end. I had to realize that this egg baby was going to be my top priority for two weeks straight. During her physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development stages I learned that babies are motivated, curious and competent learners right from the start. They are natural scientists in a way. Cognitive development is the building of concept knowledge and thinking skills. Children come into  the world eager to lea rn. Through relationships, active exploration and experiences, figure out how things work, imitate others, try out new behaviors, share meaning, and solve problems. Like scientists, young children discover the mysteries of the world. Through play and practice, they build ideas and develop their thinking skills on their own. I found that babies experience emotions right from the start. From their first cry of hunger to their first giggle, their emotional experience grows. Young children learn many ways to express emotions such as happiness, sadness and anger. As they interact with their people, they come to understand their own emotional experience. Eventually they gain some control over their strong emotions. I learned that as children mature and grow parents eagerly await for important signs in the child’s life such as learning how to roll over and crawl. Each of these represents a part of physical development. I found that it is also important to realize that the speed at which these indicators are reached can vary. For example; some children learn to walk earlier than their friends, while others may take a bit longer. I learned that social and emotional development is often harder to determine than sign s of physical development. From the start babies begin to explore their new world including themselves and other people. During this development children tend to have rapid mood swings. Their emotions can be very intense; these feelings also tend to be short-lived. For example; your child can go from screaming hysterically about a toy he wants to sitting in front of the television quietly watching his favorite show just moment later! Some studies have found that emotional and social developments are needed for school. Examples include paying attention to adults, and cooperating with other kids. I learned a lot from all these developments. They really taught me how hard it will be when later on I do eventually have kids and what I will have to look forward to. Parenthood affected my week just by having to make sure I leave a little extra earlier to get to class on time, and having to keep hold on good to my basket when moving through the halls. The biggest job I felt really had me thinking at all times was to make sure I never left her anywhere, and to always know where she was at all times! I had difficult times during the week where I had to find a babysitter a couple days ahead when I knew I wasn’t going to be able to take care of her that night. I really had to adapt very quickly to this new lifestyle for two weeks,  because I knew it was going to change how I did everything. The most difficult thing for my throughout this whole process was probably having to put my egg baby before anything for two weeks. At some points during the process Kendall was kind of a pain because she had to tag along to literally everything I went to since throughout the process I really didn’t have much money for babysitters but I managed, and some of the places were not suitable for egg babies. I felt I spent a lot of time with Kendall, I mean honestly she went practically everywhere with me! We spent a bunch of time together to and from school, and after track practices. The most time occurred at school, and going to every class together. I will most likely parent my child with clear expectations and consequences and I will be loving and caring toward them. I will allow for flexibility when they are dealing with behavioral challenges. In conclusion, I feel from this whole experience my letter grade should be an â€Å"A†. If the past week was any sign, my egg-parenting skills are still a work in progress. I managed to keep my egg intact without any cracks. In the end I was actually really sur prised how good I kept Kendall together. I did have some nerves about dropping it, when other classmates were only a couple days into the project and already having cracks or dropping it completely. Though I found out that I had become much more responsible through this whole project.

Problems Operations and Process Management Essay - 1617 Words

Problems Week 4 Betsy Whitfield ITT Tech Online MG518 – Operations and Process Management Professor Eloise Thomas August 24, 2013 * Chapter 9: Problems 2a, 2b, 5a, and 5b on page 346 * Chapter 10: Problems 2 and 5 on pages 381-382 * Chapter 11: Problems 2 and 3 on pages 407-408 * Chapter 12: Problems 2, 3a, 3b, 10a, 10b, 22a, and 22b on pages 440-443 Chapter 9 Problem 2 Prince Electronics, a manufacturer of consumer electronic goods, has five distribution centers in different regions of the country. For one of its products, a high-speed modem priced at $350 per unit, the average weekly demand at each distribution center is 75 units. Average shipment size to each distribution†¦show more content†¦Alternatives were scored on a scale of 1 to 5 (5 = best) against weighted performance criteria, as shown in Table 11.6. The criteria included rent, proximity to work and recreational opportunities, security, and other neighborhood characteristics associated with the couple’s values and lifestyle. TABLE 11.5 FACTORS FOR LOCATIONS A–D Factor Score for Each Location Location Factor Factor Weight A B C D 1. Labor climate 5 5 4 3 5 2. Quality of life 30 2 3 5 1 3. Transportation system 5 3 4 3 5 4. Proximity to markets 25 5 3 4 4 5. Proximity to materials 5 3 2 3 5 6. Taxes 15 2 5 5 4 7. Utilities 15 5 4 2 1 Total 100 Alternative A is an apartment, B is a bungalow, C is a condo, and D is a downstairs apartment in Jane’s parents’ home. Which location is indicated by the preference matrix? Location Factor Factor Weight A B C D 1. Labor climate 5 5, 25 4, 20 3, 15 5, 25 2. Quality of life 30 2, 60 3, 90 5, 150 1, 30 3. Transportation system 5 3, 15 4, 20 3, 15 5, 25 4. Proximity to markets 25 5, 125 3, 75 4, 100 4, 100 5. Proximity to materials 5 3, 15 2, 10 3, 15 5, 25 6. Taxes 15 2, 30 5, 75 5, 75 4, 60 7. 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